Alltera Energy

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

COMMON FORMULAS

CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF CASING

CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF “DRILL PIPE”

CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF “DRILL COLLARS”

DISPLACEMENT OF DUPLEX FLUID PUMPS

DISPLACEMENT OF TRIPLEX FLUID PUMP

CONVERSION FACTORS

VIII.

IX

X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

MUD DENSITY ADJUSTMENT TABLE

ALKALINITY INTERPRETATION

TABLE OF TREATMENT CHEMICAL FACTORS

CALCIUM CHLORIDE BRINE DATA

HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

VOLUME CALCULATIONS

I. COMMON FORMULAS

* HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE = MUD DENSITY (lb/gal) x DEPTH (ft) x 0.052

* FORMATION PRESSURE (lb/gal) = SIDPP (lb/gal) + HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (lb/gal)

* BARITE (lb/gal) REQUIRED TO RAISE DENSITY 1 TO DENSITY 2 =

* WATER (bbl) REQUIRED TO REDUCE DENSITY 1 TO DENSITY 2 per

* VOLUME INCREASE (bbl) DUE TO WEIGHTING MATERIAL (per 100 bbl fluid) =

D₁ ; D₂ = DENSITY (lb/gal)

Dm = Weighting Material Density

* WEIGHTING MATERIALS DENSITIES

Barite

Calcium Carbonate

Iron Oxide

35.05 lb/gal

22.95 lb/gal

42.56 lb/gal

* HIGH SHEAR RANGE "n" and "K" VALUES :

* LOW SHEAR RANGE "n" and "K" VALUES :

II. CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF CASING

O.D.

WEIGHT

I.D.

CAPACITY

DISPLACEMENT

in. mm lb/ft kg/m in. mm bbl/ft m3/m bbl/ft m3/m

4^1/2
114
13.50
20.12
3.920
100
0.0149
0.0078
0.0047
0.0025

4^1/2 114 15.10 22.50 3.826 97 0.0142 0.0074 0.0055 0.0029

4^3/4 121 16.00 23.84 4.082 104 0.0162 0.0084 0.0057 0.0030

5 127 15.00 22.35 4.408 112 0.0189 0.0099 0.0054 0.0028

5 127 18.00 26.82 4.267 109 0.0178 0.0093 0.0065 0.0034

5^1/2 140 20.00 29.80 4.778 121 0.0222 0.0116 0.0072 0.0038

5^1/2 140 23.00 34.27 4.670 119 0.0212 0.0111 0.0082 0.0043

5^3/4 146 22.50 33.53 4.990 127 0.0242 0.0126 0.0079 0.0041

6 152 26.00 38.74 5.140 131 0.0257 0.0134 0.0093 0.0049

6^6/8 168 32.00 47.68 5.675 144 0.0313 0.0163 0.0114 0.0059

7 178 26.00 38.74 6.276 159 0.0383 0.200 0.0093 0.0049

7 178 38.00 56.62 5.920 150 0.0340 0.0177 0.0136 0.0071

7^5/8 194 26.40 39.34 6.969 177 0.0472 0.0246 0.0093 0.0049

7^5/8 194 33.70 50.21 6.765 172 0.0445 0.0232 0.0120 0.0063

7^5/8 194 39.00 58.11 6.625 168 0.0426 0.0222 0.0138 0.0072

8^5/8 219 38.00 56.62 7.775 197 0.0587 0.0306 0.0135 0.0070

9^5/8 244 40.00 59.60 8.835 224 0.0758 0.0395 0.0142 0.0074

9^5/8 244 47.00 70.03 8.681 220 0.0732 0.0382 0.0168 0.0088

9^5/8 244 53.50 79.72 8.535 217 0.0708 0.0369 0.0192 0.0100

10^3/4 273 40.50 60.35 10.050 255 0.0981 0.0512 0.0141 0.0074

10^3/4 273 45.50 67.80 9.950 253 0.0962 0.0502 0.0161 0.0084

10^3/4 273 51.00 75.99 9.850 250 0.0942 0.0491 0.0180 0.0094

11^3/4 298 60.00 89.40 10.772 274 0.1127 0.0588 0.0214 0.0112

13^3/8 340 54.50 81.21 12.615 320 0.1546 0.0806 0.0192 0.0100

13^3/8 340 68.00 101.32 12.415 315 0.1497 0.0781 0.0241 0.0126

16 406 65.00 96.85 15.250 387 0.2259 0.1178 0.0228 0.0119

16 406 75.00 111.75 15.124 384 0.2222 0.1159 0.0265 0.0138

18^5/8 473 87.50 130.38 17.755 451 0.3062 0.1597 0.0307 0.0160

20 508 94.00 140.06 19.124 486 0.3553 0.1853 0.0333 0.0174

III. CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF “DRILL PIPE”

O.D.

WEIGHT

I.D.

CAPACITY

DISPLACEMENT

in. mm lb/ft kg/m in. mm lb/ft m3/m bbl/ft m3/m

2^3/8
60
4.85
7.23
1.995
51
0.0039
0.0020
0.0016
0.0008

2^7/8
73
6.85
10.21
2.441
62
0.0058
0.0030
0.0022
0.0012

2^7/8
76
10.40
15.50
2.150
55
0.0045
0.0023
0.0035
0.0018

3^1/2
89
13.30
19.82
2.764
70
0.0074
0.0039
0.0045
0.0023

3^1/2
89
15.50
23.10
2.602
66
0.0066
0.0034
0.0053
0.0028

4
102
14.00
20.86
3.340
85
0.0108
0.0057
0.0047
0.0025

4^1/2 114 16.60 24.73 3.826 97 0.0142 0.0074 0.0055 0.0029

4^1/2 114 20.00 29.80 3.640 92 0.0129 0.0067 0.0068 0.0035

5 127 19.50 29.06 4.276 109 0.0178 0.0093 0.0065 0.0034

5 127 20.50 30.55 4.214 107 0.0173 0.0090 0.0070 0.0037

5^1/2 140 21.90 32.63 4.778 121 0.0222 0.0116 0.0072 0.0038

5^1/2 140 24.70 36.80 4.670 119 0.0212 0.0111 0.0082 0.0043

5^9/16 141 22.20 33.08 4.859 123 0.0229 0.0120 0.0071 0.0037

5^9/16 141 25.25 37.62 4.733 120 0.0218 0.0114 0.0083 0.0043

6^5/8 168 31.90 47.53 5.761 146 0.0322 0.0168 0.0104 0.0054

7^5/8 194 29.25 43.58 6.969 177 0.0472 0.0246 0.0093 0.0049

IV. CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF “DRILL COLLARS”

O.D.

ID

WEIGHT

CAPACITY

DISPLACEMENT

in. mm in. mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft m3/m bbl/ft m3/m

3^1/2
89
1.500
38
26.64
39.69
0.00219
0.0011
0.0097
0.0051

4^1/8
105
2.000
51
34.68
51.67
0.00389
0.0020
0.0126
0.0066

4^3/4
121
2.250
57
46.70
69.58
0.00492
0.0026
0.0170
0.0089

6
152
2.250
57
82.50
122.93
0.00492
0.0026
0.0301
0.0157

6^1/4
159
2.250
57
90.60
134.99
0.00492
0.0026
0.0330
0.0172

6^1/2
165
2.813
71
91.56
136.42
0.00768
0.0040
0.0334
0.0174

6^3/4 171 2.250 57 108.00 160.92 0.00492 0.0026 0.0393 0.0205

7^3/4 197 2.813 71 138.48 206.34 0.00768 0.0040 0.0507 0.0264

8 203 2.813 71 150.48 224.22 0.00768 0.0040 0.0545 0.0284

9^1/2 241 3.000 76 217.02 323.36 0.00874 0.0046 0.0789 0.0412

10 254 3.000 76 242.98 362.04 0.00874 0.0046 0.0884 0.0461

11^1/4 286 3.000 76 314.20 468.16 0.00874 0.0046 0.1142 0.0596

V. DISPLACEMENT OF DUPLEX FLUID PUMPS

Displacement of Duplex Fluid Pumps (bbl per Stroke - 100% Efficiency)

Linear
Size
(in.)

Stroke Length (in.)

12

14

15

16

18

20

Rod Diameter (in.)

2.00

2.00

2.25

2.25

2.50

2.50

4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75

0.055
0.062
0.071
0.080

0.064
0.073
0.083
0.093

-
-
0.086
0.097

-
-
0.096
0.104

-
-
0.099
0.113

-
-
0.111
0.126

5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75

0.089
0.099
0.110
0.121

0.104
0.116
0.128
0.141

0.109
0.121
0.135
0.149

0.116
0.129
0.144
0.158

0.127
0.142
0.158
0.174

0.142
0.158
0.176
0.194

6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75

0.132
0.144
0.156
0.169

0.154
0.168
0.182
0.197

0.162
0.178
0.193
0.209

0.173
0.189
0.206
0.223

0.192
0.209
0.228
0.247

0.213
0.233
0.253
0.275

7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75

0.183
0.196
-
-

0.213
0.229
-
-

0.226
0.243
0.261
0.279

0.241
0.259
0.278
0.298

0.267
0.288
0.310
0.332

0.297
0.320
0.344
0.369

VI. DISPLACEMENT OF TRIPLEX FLUID PUMP

Displacement of Triplex Fluid Pumps (bbl per Stroke - 100% Efficiency)

Linear
Size

Stroke Length (in.)

in.

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.25

10.00

11.00

12.00

3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75

0.0153
0.001795
0.0208
0.0238

0.0164
0.0192
0.0223
0.0257

0.00175
0.0205
0.0238
0.0273

0.0186
0.0218
0.0252
0.0290

0.0197
0.231
0.0267
0.0307

0.0202
0.0237
0.0276
0.0317

0.0219
0.0257
0.0298
0.034

0.024
0.0283
0.0326
0.0376

0.0262
0.03307
0.0357
0.0408

4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75

0.0271
0.0307
0.0345
0.0383

0.029
0.0328
0.0369
0.0411

0.0311
0.035
0.0392
0.0438

0.033
0.0374
0.0419
0.0466

0.035
0.0395
0.0443
0.0493

0.036
0.0404
0.0455
0.0507

0.0388
0.0438
0.0493
0.0547

0.0429
0.0483
0.054
0.0602

0.0467
0.0526
0.0590
0.0657

5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75

0.0426
0.0469
0.0514
0.0562

0.0455
0.0502
0.055
0.0602

0.0486
0.0535
0.0588
0.0643

0.0517
0.0569
0.0524
0.0683

0.0548
0.0602
0.0661
0.0721

0.0562
0.062
0.0678
0.0743

0.0607
0.0669
0.0736
0.0802

0.0669
0.0736
0.0807
0.0883

0.0729
0.0802
0.088
0.0964

6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75

0.0611
0.0664
0.0719
0.0074

0.0655
0.0712
0.0719
0.083

0.070
0.0759
0.0821
0.0886

0.0743
0.0807
0.0871
0.094

0.0786
0.0855
0.0924
0.0995

0.0809
0.0878
0.0949
0.1023

0.0874
0.0948
0.1026
0.1107

0.0961
0.1043
0.1129
1.1217

0.105
0.1138
0.123
0.1328

7.00

0.833

0.0893

0.0952

0.101

0.1071

0.11

0.199

1.131

0.143

VII. Conversion Factors

UNIT

MULTIPLY BY

TO OBTAIN

ft

0,3048

m

in

25,4

mm

ft

0,3048

m

lb

0,445

daN

lb

0,4536

kg

bbl

0,159

m3

US gal

0,003785

m3

psi

6,853

KPa

lb/gal

119,826

Kg/m3

lb/bbl

2,853

Kg/m3

lb/ft

1,488

Kg/m

psi/ft

22,621

KPa/m

Fº

(Fº-32)/1.8

Cº

VIII. MUD DENSITY ADJUSTMENT TABLE

DESIRED DENSITY (lb/gal)

Initial Density
(lb/gal)

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

15

15.5

16

16.5

17

8.5

28

58

88

120

153

188

224

261

301

342

385

430

478

528

580

636

694

9

2.9

29

59

90

123

156

1192

229

267

308

350

394

441

490

542

596

653

9.5

5.9

.75

29

60

92

125

160

196

234

273

315

359

404

452

503

556

613

10

8.8

1.5

.43

30

61

94

128

163

200

239

280

323

368

415

464

516

572

10.5

11.8

2.2

.85

.30

31

63

96

131

167

205

245

287

331

377

426

477

531

11

14.7

3.0

1.3

.60

.23

31

64

98

134

171

210

251

294

339

387

437

490

11.5

17.6

3.7

1.7

.90

.46

.19

32

65

100

137

175

215

257

302

348

397

449

12

20.6

4.5

2.2

1.2

.69

.37

.16

33

67

103

140

179

221

264

309

358

408

12.5

23.5

5.2

2.6

1.5

.92

.58

.32

.14

33

68

105

143

184

226

271

318

368

13

26.5

5.9

3.0

1.8

1.2

.75

.47

.27

.12

34

70

108

147

188

232

278

327

13.5

29.4

6.7

3.4

2.1

1.4

.94

.63

.41

.24

.11

35

72

110

151

193

238

286

14

32.3

7.5

3.8

2.4

1.6

1.1

.79

.54

.36

.21

.10

36

74

113

155

199

245

14.5

35.3

8.2

4.3

2.7

1.8

1.3

.95

.68

.48

.32

.19

.09

37

75

116

159

204

15

38.2

8.9

4.7

3.0

2.1

1.5

1.1

.82

.60

.43

.29

.18

.08

38

77

119

163

15.5

41.2

9.7

5.1

3.3

2.3

1.7

1.3

.95

.72

.54

.39

.26

.16

.07

39

79

123

16

44.1

10.5

5.6

3.6

2.5

1.9

1.4

1.1

.84

.64

.48

.35

.24

.15

.07

40

82

16.5

47.1

11.2

5.9

3.9

2.8

2.1

1.6

1.2

.96

.75

.58

.44

.32

.22

.14

.07

41

17 50 11.9 6.4 4.2 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.1 .86 .68 .53 .41 .30 .21 .13 .06

Gray Color Boxes: Water (bbl) required to reduce density
White Color Boxes: Barite (lbs/gal) required to increase density

IX. ALKALINITY INTERPRETATION

If:

Hydroxyl

Carbonate

Bicarbonate

P = 0

0

0

M x 1220

P = M

P x 340

0

0

2P = M

0

P x 1200

0

2P < M

0

P x 1200

(M-2P) x 1220

2P > M

(2P - M) x 340

(M-P) x 1200

0

X. TABLE OF TREATMENT CHEMICAL FACTORS

lb/bbl treating chemical to remove contaminating ions:

Contaminant

Factor

Chemical

Calcium ( as CaSO₄)

0.00095 x Ca²⁺ (mg/l)

Soda Ash

Magnesium

0.00154 x Mg²⁺ (mg/l)

Soda Ash

Carbonate

0.00042 x CO₃^2-(mg/l)

Lime

Bicarbonate

0.00042 x HCO₃^-(mg/l)

Lime

Sulfides

0.00231 x S^2-(mg/l)

Zinc Carbonate

XI. CALCIUM CHLORIDE BRINE DATA

WEIGHT

(%)

DENSITY

(kg/l)

DENSITY

(lb/gal)

Cl-

(mg/l)

Ca²⁺

(mg/l)

CaCl₂

(mg/l)

WATER
(bbl)

CRYST PT.

(°F)

WATER ACTIVITY

1

1.007

8.39

6,453
3,647 3.5 0.996 31.2 0.994

2

1.015

8.46

12,969
7,331 7.1 0.995 30.4 0.989

3 1.023 8.53 19,613 11,087 10.7 0.993 29.6 0.985

4

1.032

8.60

26,385
14,915 14.5 0.990 28.7 0.980

5 1.040 8.67 33,221 18,779 18.2 0.988 27.8 0.975

6

1.049

8.75

40,185
22,715 22.0 0.986 26.7 0.971

7 1.05 8.82 47,277 26,723 25.9 0.983 25.6 0.965

8

1.066

8.89

54,496
30,804 29.9 0.981 24.3 0.960

9 1.075 8.96 61,779 34,921 33.8 09.78 22.9 0.954

10

1.084

9.04

69,190
39,110 37.9 0.975 21.5 0.948

11 1.092 9.11 76,793 43,407 42.1 0.972 19.9 0.940

12

1.101

9.19

84,459
47,741 46.3 0.969 18.1 0.932

13 1.111 9.26 92,253 52,147 50.5 0.966 16.3 0.924

14

1.120

9.34

100,175
56,625 54.9 0.963 14.3 0.914

15 1.129 9.42 108,225 61,175 59.3 0.960 12.2 0.904

16

1.139

9.50

116,403
65,797 63.8 0.957 9.9 0.892

17 1.148 9.58 124,708 70,492 68.3 0.953 7.4 0.880

18

1.158

9.66

133,141
75,259 72.9 0.950 4.8 0.867

19 1.168 9.74 141,766 80,134 77.7 0.946 1.9 0.852

20

1.178

9.82

150,455
85,045 82.4 0.942 -0.9 0.837

22

1.198

9.99

168,343
95,157 92.2 0.934 -7.1 0.804

24

1.218

10.16

186,743
105,557 102.3 0.926 -13.5 0.767

26

1.239

10.33

205,781
116,319 112.7 0.917 -21.5 0.726

28

1.260

10.51

225,395
127,405 123.5 0.907 -31.2 0.683

30

1.282

10.69

245,647
138,853 134.6 0.897 -47.7 0.637

32

1.304

10.87

266,474
150,626 146.0 0.886 -19.5 0.590

34

1.326

11.06

288,004
162,796 157.8 0.875 4.3 0.541

36

1.349

11.25

310,237
175,363 170.0 0.863 24.1 0.492

38

1.372

11.44

333,109
188,291 182.5 0.851 42.1 0.443

40

1.396

11.64

356,683
201,617 195.4 0.837 55.9 0.395

% Volume Salt = 100 x (1.0 + bbl Water)

XII. HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

WEIGHT

(%)

DENSITY

(kg/m)

CaCl

(kg/m)

CaCl

(mg/L)

Ca

(mg/L)

Cl

(mg/L)

Volume

Final

Solution

Freezing

Point

(°C)

Water Activity

1

1007

10

10084

3647

6453

1,003

0

0,994

2

1015

20

20337

7331

12969

-1

1,005

0,989

4

10325

41,3

41363

14915

26385

1,009

-2

0,98

6

1049

62,7

63101

22715

40185

1,016

-4

0,971

8

1066

85,2

85574

30804

54496

1,022

-5

0,96

10

1084

108

108805

39110

69190

1,028

-6

0,948

12

1101

132

132816

47741

84459

1,035

-8

0,932

14

1120

156,5

157630

56625

100175

1,042

-10

0,914

16

1139

181,8

183270

65797

116403

1,05

-12

0,892

18

1158

207,8

209759

75259

133141

1,166

-14

0,867

20

1178

234,8

237120

85045

150455

1,186

-18

0,837

22

1198

262,7

265375

95157

168343

1,207

-23

0,804

24

1218

291,5

294159

105557

186743

1,227

-25

0,767

26

1239

321,2

324659

116319

205781

1,249

-30

0,726

28

1260

352

354734

127405

225395

1,271

-41

0,683

30

1282

383,6

387795

138853

245647

1,293

-44

0,637

32

1304

416,1

420864

150626

266474

1,316

-33

0,59

34

1326

449,7

454964

162796

288004

1,152

-20

0,541

36

1349

484,5

490118

175363

310237

1,168

-6

0,492

38

1372

520,1

526349

188291

333109

1,187

3

0,443

40

1396

556,9

554243

201617

356683

1,203

12

0,395

ANNULAR VELOCITY (bbl/min)

NOZZLE VELOCITY (ft/sec)

TRIPLEX PUMP OUTPUT @ 100% (bbl/stk)

Q = ID_L² x L x 100 / 4116

DUPLEX PUMP OUTPUT @ 100% (bbl/stk)

Q = [(2 x ID_L² - OD_R²) / 6174] x L

Q = Pump Output, (gpm)

N₁; N₂; N₃ = Nozzle Size, (32 ^ndinch)

L = Stroke Length, (inch)

ID_L = ID Linear, (inch)

OD_R = Rod Diameter, (inch)

JET NOZZLE CONVERSION

32^nd inch x 0.794 = mm

XIII. VOLUME CALCULATIONS

OPEN HOLE CAPACITY (bbl/ft)

OHC = D_H²/ 1029

ANNULAR VOLUME (bbl/ft)

V = D_H² - D_P²/ 1029

RECTANGULAR TANK VOLUME (bbl)

V = L x W x H / 5.61

VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL TANK VOLUME (bbl)

V = D_T²x H / 7.143

D_H = Hole Diameter (inch)

OD^P = Pipe Outside Diameter (inch)

D_T = Tank Diameter (feet)

L = Length (ft)

W = Width (ft)

H = Height(ft)

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